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BFC has published its new specialised expertise study “Five Years Since The Estonian 2nd Pension Pillar Reform: What Have We Learned?”
This study by BFC expert Heidi Reinson examines Estonia’s landmark 2021 pension reform, which transformed its mandatory funded 2nd pillar into a fully voluntary scheme and allowed participants to withdraw their accumulated savings before retirement. Five years on, the reform offers a rare real-world case study of large-scale pension freedom and its economic and social consequences.
The research brings together political and economic analysis in a single publication, assessing the drivers behind the reform, its immediate fiscal and macroeconomic effects, and its emerging long-term implications.
The study is developed within the framework of EC Recovery and Resilience Mechanism Project No. 5.2.1.1.i.0/1/23/I/CFLA/001 “Strengthening Knowledge and Research Capacity in the Areas of Anti-Money Laundering, Financial Technologies, and Sector Analysis”.


